![]() ![]() However, influenced by various working principles, their inherent capabilities are different.Īll the three UPS systems possess surge suppression and line noise filtering functions to shield the equipment from damage caused by lightning, surges, and electromagnetic (EMI/RFI) line noise. ![]() Line-interactive UPS vs Online UPS vs Offline UPS: FunctionsĪll of the above-mentioned three categories are invented to protect hardware and electrical equipment where an unexpected power disruption may happen. When power is restored, the rectifier will resume carrying most of the load and begin charging the batteries, though the charging current may be limited to prevent the high-power rectifier from overheating the batteries and boiling off the electrolyte. That is to say, if a power loss occurs, the rectifier will simply drop out of the circuit and the batteries will keep the power steady and unchanged. ![]() ![]() In an online (aka double-conversion) UPS, the input AC is charging the backup battery source which provides power to the output inverter, so the failure of the input AC won't cause activation of the transfer switch. This design offers additional filtering and yields reduced switching transients since the inverter is always on and connected to the output.Īn online UPS uses a "double conversion" method of accepting AC input, rectifying to DC for passing through the rechargeable battery (or battery strings), then inverting back to 120 V/230 V AC for powering the protected equipment. Once the input power fails, the transfer switch will open and the power will flow from the battery to the UPS output. When the input AC power is normal, the inverter of the UPS is in reverse operation and provides battery charging. In this smart design, the battery-to-AC power inverter is always connected to the output of the UPS. Line-interactive UPS-Intermediate Level Power ProtectionĪ line-interactive UPS maintains the inverter in line and redirects the battery's DC current path from the normal charging mode to supplying current when power is lost. When the mains power voltage fails or exceeds the limits, the switch will immediately connect the inverter output to the critical load. The energy storage components-battery charger, battery, and inverter are off-line as far as the load is concerned, although the charger and battery still remain connected to the mains power in order to ensure the battery is always fully charged. Specifically speaking, the load is fed directly from the raw mains power rather than the inverter output. In an off-line ("standby") UPS system, the load is powered directly by the input power, and the backup power circuitry will only be invoked when the utility power fails. Line-interactive UPS vs Online UPS vs Offline UPS: Working Principles The three general categories of modern UPS systems are Line-interactive UPS vs Online UPS vs Offline UPS, which will be illustrated exlaboratly in the following. An Uninterruptible Power Supply refers to a power system that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source or mains power fails, regarded as near-instantaneous protection from input power interruptions. ![]()
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